Factors Predicting Middle School Pupils’ Learning Orientations: A Multilevel Analysis

Investigating on what school- and student-level factors are related to pupils’ learning orientations was the main purpose of this study. The study used a sample 2917 middle school pupils across Turkey. Test Science Related Attitude, Learning Approach Questionnaire Achievement Motivation were utilised as data collection tools. Analysis revealed that there significant differences in with respect both meaningful orientation rote orientation. When motivational examined it found performance goal positively contributed orientations. Upon examination sub-dimensions attitudes toward science, determined adaptation scientific leisure interest science made positive contributions while enjoyment lessons students’ negatively. With orientation, negatively contributed.